Developmental Psychology - 1851 Words

My own development during my 18 and a half years of being alive, relates to the theory of human development created by Urie Bronfenbrenner. Bronfenbrenners theory of human development is also known as the PPCT model. The PPCT model has four interrelated components, which are Process, Person, Context and Time. Bronfenbrenner (2005). These are the proximal processes that make up the characterisitics of a child, the stimulation of a childs development and the time in which a child matures and develops. In this essay I will use the PPCT system to epxain the five systems which are the Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem and Chronosystem as well as explaning the components. I will also clearly indicate my development using these†¦show more content†¦An example of a Mesosystem in my own personal life, is that my home life and my sports clubs were very tight. The reason that they were so closely related is because my parents always had a high involement whether it be sup porting me on the sideline or organising accomodation and food when we had weekends away. This made the relationship with my parents much stronger as I was not only interacting with them at home, but also in another environment which I immensely benefited from. The next system is called the Exosystem. This ssytem was described by Bronfenbrenner as Incorporating environments â€Å"that do not themselves contain the developing person, but inspire upon or encompass the immediate settings in which that person is found, and there by influence, demerit or can determine what goes on there† (1979, p515). This is influenced by forces in which the child does not participate in, but has a direct bearing on parents who interact with the child. An example of an exosystem in my own life is that my mother and father have worked as hard as they could on dairy farms so that I was able to attend boarding school and take on the sport of Rowing which are both costly experiences. These have both benefited me and have helped change and develop the other systems within Bronfenbrenners five systems. The fourth system is the Macrosystem. A Macrosystem is the attitudes, values and ideologies of a certain cultural group. The system is defined as beingShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Psychology3823 Words   |  16 PagesDevelopmental Psychology There are three main theories of development that I shall discuss in this assignment, Cognitive, the main theorist being, Piaget, (1896 - 1980), The, Psychosocial Theory, Erikson, (1902 - 1994), and, The Psychosexual, of, Freud, (1856 - 1939). Cognitive Psychology draws the comparison between the human mind and a computer, suggesting that we like the computer process the information we acquire from around us and then react accordingly. Hearnshaw, (1987)Read MoreDevelopmental Psychology : An Introduction2958 Words   |  12 PagesDevelopmental Psychology: An introduction Psychology is a field that is broken down into many subfields, each field distinctive in their nature. One of the most studied fields is developmental psychology. Before I explain the field in depth, it is important to understand what developmental psychology is, and how it came to be. Developmental psychology is mainly a scientific approach, which aims to explain how children and adults change overtime (Lerner, Lewin-Bizan, Warren, 2011). Most uniquelyRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Understanding The Developmental Process978 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopmental Psychology has widened my perspective and knowledge of the nature of development from humans’ infancy to adolescence and emerging adulthood. Although I have learned about biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes and periods of development, I am especially interested in socioemotional development in infancy because it is the foundation for a child’s future development. That is to say, if children h ave a healthy socioemotional development from infancy, they will have a healthyRead MoreThe Developmental Psychology Of A Child983 Words   |  4 PagesThe developmental psychology of a child is one that is in many ways difficult and very special to understand. I would like to start by saying that a child’s development depends on many factors and circumstances. 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One of the fields of Psychology that has influencedRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology And The Life Of Anne Frank1068 Words   |  5 Pages DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND THE LIFE OF ANNE FRANK Name: Professor: Course: Date: Introduction Developmental psychology is rapidly becoming an inalienable branch of the subject of psychology. Developmental psychology can be defined as the scientific study concerned with how and why human beings develop over the course of their life. Although connected with infants and children, the scope of developmental psychology has expanded over the years. It also describes the concepts of adolescenceRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : The Biological Examination Of Changes951 Words   |  4 PagesPSYCHOLOGY ESSAY: Introduction Developmental psychology is the the biological examination of changes that happens to human beings during the course of their life time. During the course of a life time of a human being ,certain biological changes happens. The development stages are divided into different stages. According to Erikson ,†the eight ages of development and the major life crisis are significant in terms of individual growth and development.†(Care human development,Student support SessionRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment Psychology Development psychology refers to the scientific study of the systematic psychological changes that normally occur to human beings throughout their growth period from birth to old age. It was originally concerned with children and infants, but it has since expanded to include the entire life span of mankind including adolescence and adulthood. Development psychology covers the extent to which human development occurs through gradual accumulation of knowledge, and the extentRead MoreThe Theory Of Developmental Psychology1336 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopmental psychology is viewed as different approaches which aims to look at how children and adults develop. Theories such as Bowlby s attachment theory can explain how a child s development can be altered by their attachment, thus leading to the ideology of the nature vs nurture debate, nature referring to the process of biological maturation while nurture is referring to the impact of the environment or surroundings, which involves the idea that a person learns through experiences. (McLeod

Charles Baudelaire Romantic, Parnassian, and Symbolist...

Charles Baudelaire: Romantic, Parnassian, and Symbolist nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Often compared to the American poet Edgar Allen Poe, the French poet Charles Baudelaire has become well-known for his fascination with death, melancholy, and evil and his otherwise eccentric yet contemplative style. These associations have deemed him as a â€Å"patron saint of modernist poetry† while at the same time closely tying his style in with the turbulent revolutionary movements in France and Europe during the 19th century (Haviland, screens 5-10). By comparing three of his poems, â€Å"Spleen,† â€Å"Elevation,† and â€Å"To One Who Is Too Gay,† from his masterpiece The Flowers of Evil, three evident commonalities can be found throughout the works in the influence†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another significant part of Baudelaire’s life was women. Three women in particular are extremely significant in how they influenced his writing and what they represented in his philosophy of life. These three women were Jeanne Duval and Marie Daubrun, both actresses, and Apollonie Sabatier, a well-known French-hostess. On August 31, 1867, at the age of 46, Baudelaire ended up dying in his mother’s arms of the VD he contracted earlier in his life (Christohersen, Biography). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although remembered most for his poetry, as a writer he was also an art and literary critic, translator, and author (Veinotte). One of his â€Å"earliest passions† had been art and literary criticism, partly due to his father’s influence on his interest of amateur art. He eventually came to be called â€Å"the poet-critic,† and a large number of his major criticisms appeared in the annual series of â€Å"Le Salon† for many years (Christohersen, The Critic). Other significant criticisms were found in his essay called â€Å"The Painter of Modern Life† and in a collection of his criticisms published posthumously called â€Å"Romantic Art.† Other major works include â€Å"La Fanfarlo,† a short story and fictional autobiography; Poe translations in â€Å"Extraordinary Stories,† â€Å"New Extraordinary Stories,† and â€Å"Grotesque and Serious Stories†; collections of poetry in â€Å"The Flowers of Evil† and â€Å"The Artificial Paradises†; and prose in â€Å"The Spleen of Paris† (Christohersen, The

Parenting Children With Attention Deficit Disorder Essay Example For Students

Parenting Children With Attention Deficit Disorder Essay Wendy Martin Prof. Eileen Roth Psychology 11 Child Psychology Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that is usually first evident in childhood and can affect the individual into adulthood. At one time it was thought to be only a behavior problem, later t was redefined in the 50s as minimal brain dysfunction, before it finally metamorphosed into todays ADD and ADHD. ADD is a neurobehavioral disorder and is characterized in the DSM IV as inattention, hyperactivity, and impassivity that is prese before the age of seven and which causes impairment with social, academic or occupational functioning. The problems that children with ADD/HD go through affect many aspects of a childs life. The usual developmental tasks can become extremely diffi lt for these children, and especially frustrating for the parents. The main areas that are affected in the lives of attention different children are those of self-esteem, social relationships, their academic skills, and most importantly their family r ationships namely those between the parent and ADD/HD child. If a child is able to be diagnosed early in life, the parent is at an advantage over one who has no idea that their child has this disorder. Parent training can be one of the most import t and effective interventions for a child with ADD. In the aforementioned difficult areas where ADD can cause the most problems to be prepared as a parent for the situations that their children and they themselves as parents face can be lessened and ca even be turned into productive learning tools. CompuServe, on the World Wide Web has a forum that is specifically dedicated to Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is one of the best resources for individuals with ADD/HD, children, parents and therapists. One rticle, was written by Pamela Darr Wright, a licensed social worker specializing in child development in children with learning and attention disorders. In her article she explained each stage of child development and how kids with ADD experience these tages with much greater difficulty and cause a lot of strain on the parent/caregiver-child relationship. She began with the infant stage of development where some of the most critical developmental tasks occur. These are the tasks of calming themselve how to use the senses to learn about the world, and develop trust with the parent/caregiver. Infants that may later be diagnosed with ADD/HD are often labeled as colicky, hyper-excitable, irritable, or unsoothable. They are very active, easi distracted, and over-reactive to stimuli. The parents of these infants often respond to a difficult baby with confusion and alarm. The interaction between nurturing parent(s) and child is critical. When parents cannot cope with their baby, they ually assume it is their own fault as failing parents which begins a relationship laden with guilt that can continue on through the entire relationship with their child. The second psychosocial developmental stage which occurs in the Toddler years, is that of separation. The period wherein the child develops the ability to hold a mental image of the parent in his mind. As the child accomplishes the task of separating, strong sense of autonomy and confidence develops. It is during this stage also where the toddler develops ideas and concepts and is learning to accept limits and to tolerate frustration and to recover from disappointments. Wright explains that these evelopmental tasks can present significant problems for toddlers with ADD/HD. Typically, these youngsters have difficulty tolerating frustration and may be emotionally over-reactive. Parents describe them as all-or-nothing children who have difficul calming themselves. They tend to fall apart easily, dissolving into tears of frustration when needs and wants are not met immediately. .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .postImageUrl , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:hover , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:visited , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:active { border:0!important; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:active , .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8826205979893258a57123899ff31f9a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Role of Propaganda in the Nazi Takeover Essay One of they most important things that a parent can do for their ADD/HD child is to be consistent. When children h e predictable consequences to their behavior it helps them to learn more quickly. For example, a child with ADD who wants a toy while shopping with his mother may immediately begin to throw a tantrum when she refuses to comply to her toddlers wishes. n order to discourage further behavior there are many behavioral methods which one can use to form a discipline strategy. Most parenting classes talk about how to discipline your child. .

Target Market Segmentation Research Paper-Gap Inc free essay sample

The Gap Inc. is a global specialty retailer that operates stores selling casual apparel and accessories for men, women, and children (Yahoo Market Guide, 2001). Under the Gap, are the Old Navvy and Banana Republic brands (Yahoo Market Guide, 2001). Demographic/Psychographic/Geographic Segmentation Gap The Gaps target age segment is males and females ranging from seventeen to twenty-five years old (Cosmopolitan, 2000, p. 2). The typical family life cycle for a Gap customer comprises of single teenagers and young adults to young married couples (Cosmopolitan, 2000, p. 2). The races Gap targets consist of many minorities such as Hispanics, Asians, and African-Americans in addition to Caucasians (Cosmopolitan, 2001, p. 57). The income segment is middle to upper-class individuals who reside in urban or suburban areas in developed countries such as the U. S. and Japan (PRIZM Cluster, 2001). Common occupations of Gap customers include: high school and college students, entry-level college graduates, and young working, married couples. Gap customers tend to be energetic, work/career oriented, and active people who have significant time to shop (Cosmopolitan, 2001 , p. We will write a custom essay sample on Target Market Segmentation Research Paper-Gap Inc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7). In addition, their customers have a sense of style sophistication in their wardrobe, and are confident individuals who feel they are buying the best product available. Banana Republic The target age segment for Banana Republic ranges from ages fifteen to forty-five (GQ, 2000, p. 3). The family life cycle consists of teenagers, single women and men, and career-oriented married couples (GQ, 2000, p. 3). Banana Republic targets the same races as its parent company. The races include both minorities and Caucasians. The income segment includes middle to upper-class individuals who eside near urban or suburban areas in developed countries. Common Occupations for Banana Republic customers include: high school/college students, entry-level college graduates, and men and women working professionals. Banana Republic customers are people who are generally active, work/career oriented people who have little time to shop. In addition, their customers are sophisticated, confident people who seek not only trendy clothing, but also the best product available. Old Navvy The target age segment for Old Navvy ranges from thirteen to thirty-five years of age.

The Intriguing Author Jack Lon essays

The Intriguing Author Jack Lon essays Jack London has been one of Americas all-time favorite writers and has stood the test of time with his continuing popularity. His writing style, adventure stories and ideas still interest people today. London was influenced by many thinkers and philosophers of his day because of his situation in life. Poverty was one aspect of his childhood and his ideas of redistribution of wealth through socialism show through the characters in some of his stories (Jack London Internet). Survival of animals, and people, in the wilderness supports his ideas of natural selection and survival of a race. Therefore, the importance of Jack London in the development of American Literature can be explained through a discussion of his life, his career, and the time period during which he lived. Jack London had already begun a life of horror even though he had not been born. His mother was deserted by his father, a roving astrologer in London, while she was pregnant (Fogel 240). His original name was Jack Griffith Chaney born on January 12, 1876 in San Francisco, California (240). His mother met a man and married him eight months after his birth whose surname, London he took. His stepfather had already been married and had a child who was Jacks stepsister named Eliza. In 1889 Jack graduated from Oakland Cole grammar school then for a time he worked at any job that came to hand such as a paper boy, bowling alleys, on ice wagons and in canneries and mills (Gordon 205). Unlike most young boys at age eight Jack was very unhappy but found the discovery of books, which would have the greatest effect on his life. The Londons moved frequently in Johns wellment but in effective efforts to make a living (203). In 1893 the Londons returned to San Francisco where he again became a work beast at ten cents an hour in a jute mill and often a coal heaver (204). When ...

How Michael Phelps Body Type Made Him a Strong Swimmer

How Michael Phelps Body Type Made Him a Strong Swimmer When you look at Michael Phelps body, its easy to see some of the features that made the lanky guy with the long arms and big feet the most accomplished Olympic swimmer in history. But how exactly did all those parts work together? Phelps retired from competitive swimming in 2016 after winning five gold medals and a silver medal in the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. Hes the most decorated competitive swimmer in history, having won eight Olympic gold medals in 2008 and four gold and two silver medals in 2012. Hes known as an intense competitor who practiced tirelessly to be in top form for Olympic competition. But he had more than a few physical advantages over fellow swimmers. Simply put, Phelps has the anthropometrics of the perfect swimmer. From head to toe, his body type and proportions are uniquely suited for swimming with both speed and endurance. Phelps Is Tall With a Huge Wingspan First, hes tall, but not too tall. At 6 4 Phelps probably would be about average for a professional basketball player, but as a swimmer, his height (or more accurately, his length) gives him enough glide in the water to provide a little extra forward momentum. Next, his arm span (or wingspan as some call it) of 6 7 is exceptionally wide even for a man of his height. His arms act almost like oars on a rowboat, giving him incredible pulling power in the water. His wingspan is a big reason for Phelps success with the butterfly stroke, which relies heavily on the upper arms and back to push and pull a swimmer through the water. Then theres his unusually long upper body, roughly the length one would expect to see on a man who is 6 8 tall. His long, thin and triangle-shaped torso helps him with his reach, especially on strokes like the butterfly and the freestyle. His torso is more hydrodynamic than the average swimmers, meaning its able to move through the water with less drag. But Phelps Short Legs Are Perfect Too Phelps lower half is hydrodynamic too. But while his arms give him an advantage by being longer, his legs give him an extra kick (literally) by being a little shorter than one would expect for a guy of his size. Phelps legs, which are roughly those of a man about 6 tall, help with kicks and give him more power in turns at the wall, where crucial seconds can be lost or won during competitions. We havent even factored in Phelps enormous hands and flipper-like size 14 feet. Both let him push and pull more water than other swimmers, adding to his overall speed.   Phelps Body Is Double-Jointed If all that isnt enough, Phelps also is double-jointed. He doesnt have extra joints as the term implies, but his joints have more mobility than average. Most swimmers - and some dancers- work hard to stretch their joints to make themselves more agile, which in turn makes performance easier. With his more flexible joints, Phelps can whip his arms, legs, and feet through a greater range of motion than most swimmers. Phelps Produces Less Lactic Acid But Phelps unique build isnt his only advantage in competitive swimming. Most athletes need recovery time after exerting themselves because the body produces lactic acid, causing muscle fatigue. Phelps body produces less lactic acid than the average person, so he has a much faster recovery time. In the Olympics, being able to bounce back quickly and compete again are distinct advantages for any athlete. When you add up all the parts, its easy to see what makes Phelps the perfect swimmer. Its amazing to consider that someone so well-built for the sport managed to find his way into swimming, but not at all surprising that Phelps was as good as he was.

Imperialism in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Imperialism in China - Essay Example The Chinese army was ill equipped to stand the modern weapons that Britain used (Keay, 47). The defeat of China in the first Opium war forced it to sign the Treaty of Nanjing in 1942. The treaty was unfair to the Chinese as it gave foreigners a lot of leverage in terms of trade. Hong Kong was given to Britain on a ninety nine year lease. The treaty also allowed for several ports to be opened for foreign trade and China was required to pay a fine of twenty one million dollars for the opium that was destroyed. The second opium war also known as the Arrow War pitied the Chinese Qing Dynasty against the British Empire and the Second French Empire in 1856 t0 1860. The issues of this war were similar to those of the first opium war. Due to growing imperialism, the British demanded to renegotiate the Treaty of Nanjing but China refused. This precipitated the war in which China was defeated. Further, the Western powers created Spheres of Influence in China so as to foster their economic interests. After the defeat of China in both the first and the second Opium Wars, the formulation of unequal treaties led to the creation of the six spheres of influence. The British, French, Germans, Russians and the Japanese benefited in the partitioning of China into spheres to suit their own economic interests (Kay, 149). The Taiping Rebellion that lasted from 1851 to 1864 was led by Hong Xiuquan who was a village teacher. The rebellion was as a result of dissatisfaction with the leadership of the ruling Dynasty. The Qing administration was faced by numerous challenges including natural calamities and economic turmoil of unprecedented nature. The rebels were determined to overthrow the dynasty aided by the fact that the Chinese imperial forces were weak and demoralized. Eventually, the rebellion was suppressed by an army commanded by Zeng Guofan. The Open Door Policy was a proposal by United States of America to allow all

Cross-Cultural Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cross-Cultural Analysis Report - Essay Example The purpose of writing this report it to analyze the issues that Bran Company may face while venturing into the international market. Bran Company which is located in Australia and whose cultural perspectives used in the company relates to those of Australians plans to venture into the American market. The company deals with the manufacture of food products. I was appointed as a human resource team member in studying the market environment of the target country. The team identified various cultural issues in the other country. Some of these issues include differing social classes, religion, education background, social institutions etc. The team also carried out a market survey in order to establish the culture of people living in the regions where the company is to open up more business stores. It was found out that the American market is comprised of people from different races. Their consumption behavior depends on their social class, family set up and the level of education. Due to the prevailing market competition, businesses have been forced to expand through merging or through joint ventures. They mingle and associate with other individuals from different countries possessing different cultural backgrounds and language but participate well in business matters. Hofstede (1997) describes that it is important for managers in a particular company to be aware of the culture of that other country before venturing into the market. This is because being unaware about the culture and beliefs of the people in a country results to differences and misunderstandings between the customers and the sellers. It also makes the business environment unstable. To avoid this occurrence, it is necessary to involve intercultural training before planning to venture into the American environment (Aaker and Maheswaran, 1997). In this intercultural training, the participants or the company’s manager

Art Making Process Essay Example for Free

Art Making Process Essay The teaching of artmaking process is one in which there appear to be no right answers as it is frequently related to the teachers own understanding of the material at hand. (Schon, 1996). As art making is an open ended process there are a number of difficulties posed in instruction. One option is to engage art students in the process in a highly conscious and reflective manner. This was the mode in which the author conducted a 10 week course on the subject designed after intimately observing how contemporary artists worked. The first step in teaching art is said to be informing and inspiring students with various methods of artistic practice by playing video taped interviews of artists. The understanding of the use of big ideas by artists is one of the most important facets. Exploration of the big idea provides clarity of concept and insight into the artmaking process which is understood only through reflective practice. Maintaining documentation is also important. This provided students new perspectives in art making as they indulged in reviewing the big idea with personal relevance over a period of many weeks. Identification of the correct big idea is also linked to problems faced by artists in artmaking. Problems can be overcome with proper identification of the big idea and pursuing it with an open mind without an early closure. The delay in closure occurs when the artist discuses the concept repeatedly with himself thereby providing him better insight and enhancing creativity. Thus it is the understanding of the big idea, main concepts, the base and boundaries of knowledge which enable an artist to communicate his ideas most effectively to his audience. While artmaking cannot be taught in the form of a formula of success, the instructions provided in a generalized manner provide for developing the students creativity as well as art practice as was seen in the ten week artmaking project detailed in the article. Reference: 1. Schon, D. A. (1996). In D. OReilly, (Ed. ), Learning through reflection on conversations. In conversation with Donald Schon, Capability, the HEC Journal, vol. 2 (2). Accessed on 10 December 2006 at http://www. lle. mdx. ac. uk/hec/journal/ 2-2/l-2. htm, l-10.

Developmental Psychology Essay -- Papers

Developmental Psychology Attachments in Developments =========================== Developmental psychology is concerned with how our cognitions, emotions and behaviour change as we grow with age and experience. Babies, only a few months old develop close bonds called attachment bonds with some people in particular. These people are able to settle the child, if upset, more easily than others and the baby will become upset if separated from the attachment object for too long. There has been a big debate in psychology over the precise role the mother figure takes in child development generally and especially the emotional development. Topic 4 - The Development and Variety of Attachments ==================================================== Attachments are emotional bonds that are formed with people very close to us. For babies and young people these attachments are formed with the people who look after them, usually their parents that prove very important to them. As we grow up our attachment objects usually change and may include boyfriends and girlfriends. The development of attachments ------------------------------ When you have become attached to somebody it means that you have formed a special bond with that person and them with you. These "attachment bonds" are very important to us but more so at an infant age with the loss of attachments having a negative effect on an individual. Maurer and Maurer said that attachments are welded in the heat of interactions, which shows that attachments depend on the interaction between two people rather than simply just being together. Maccoby identified four ... ...owed signs of behavioural instability e.g. shaking were less likely to become securely attached to their mother. Cross-Cultural Variations in Secure and Insecure Attachments In the same way that there are differences in attachment behaviour between individuals there is also differences in from one culture to another. Secure attachment is important in all cultures and the concept of an internal working model being universal has become a widely accepted view. Researchers in many different countries have used the Strange Situation to investigate secure and insecure attachment. There is considerable consistency in the results across cultures that show there is a relationship between mother - infant interaction and secure attachment. This suggests that there is a biological or genetic basis for attachment formation.

A fAREwell to arms study guide

A Farewell to Arms Study Gulled Questions *Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper as completely as possible. Keep these questions/answers to use as notes in order to prepare for discussions, quizzes, and tests. BOOK I 1 . What tone Is set in the opening chapters? Why Is this unexpected? The scene that Hemingway creates is peaceful and serene. However, the tone is depressing as fall turns into winter with rains and cholera plaguing the army. This is unexpected because the novel is about a war and we do not see any action. 2. What are your Impressions of the narrator so far?He seems rugged yet sensitive to the beauty of nature, articulate, inured to the dying that is part of war, probably a reliable reporter of external events, but pretty close- lipped about his own feelings. 3. How/Why did the narrator get Involved In WWW? Why Is he In the Italian army? (1) He signed up to drive an ambulance in the Italian army, he tells the head nurse he was in Italy and spoke It alian. 4. What does the narrator's initial attitude toward the war seem to be? (1) He seems objective and detached. 5. Describe the relationship between the Italian officers and the priest. What are their views concerning the Catholic Church? ) The priest is young and sincere, and the others tease him about his celibacy. The others poke fun at the church also. 6. Describe the priest's native village of Brazil. (2) Brazil is green with hills and a castle yet more guns and new hospitals and Bruits on the street. ( 10) he apologize to the priest? (3) Milan, Florence, Rome etc. He visits women. He apologizes to the priest for not visiting his hometown and family. 8. Who is Catherine Barley? How does the lieutenant meet her? A British V. A. D. – something like a nurse's aid. She has been seeing Ronald and Ronald drags Let. Henry to meet his girl. Discuss the effect on Catherine of her fiance ©'s death in the war. She held regret that they did not marry†¦ There is sadness as she says â€Å"l could have given him that anyway' she also said she was going to cut all of her hair off for him as she wanted to do something for him. (19) 10. How does Let. Ronald react to Catering's obvious preference for Henry? Was he sincere in his expressed intent to marry her? What does Ronald mean when he says, â€Å"Thank God I didn't become involved with the British† (32)? (5-6) Ronald is indifferent at Catering's attachment to Henry. He is not sincere in his intentions to marry Miss Barley. 11.Why does the lieutenant tell Catherine that he loves her? What is meant by the comment, â€Å"This was a game, like bridge† (30)? (6) He says it because it is what she wants to hear- if they are to have a physical relationship- but he has no intention of falling in love. 12. How does the soldier with the hernia feel about the war? Why does the lieutenant tell him to â€Å"get bump on your head† (35)? What was the outcome? (7) He doesn't want to go to the line again; by getting â€Å"injured† in a way that doesn't look like he did it on purpose, the soldier can -and does- get a ride to the hospital. 3. What is Henrys attitude now toward the dangers of war? 7) He recognizes them but feels that they have nothing to do with him- that he could not be killed. 14. Why does Ronald make the lieutenant chew coffee before going to see Catherine? (7) To mask the smell of alcohol to say that she can't see him that evening? How might this be a turning point for Henry? (7) Lonely and hollow. He recognizes that he loves her and longs to be with her. 16. How and when does Henry get injured? What medical treatment does he receive? Henry gets injured during dinner when a mortar explodes near his bunker. Henry test his wound cleaned at the dressing station and then transferred to the hospital. 17.Contrast the personalities of Ronald and the priest as revealed in their visits to Henry in the hospital. What does each of them do for Henrys recovery/spi rit? (10-11) Ronald – Free and fun. Likes to have fun, tease, drink, and women – talks about the medal of honor and brings Henry Cognac Priest – Talks more about feelings and what is on his mind (war, hometown, etc. ) – Brings mosquito net, vermouth, and English newspapers. 18. Why does the priest call Henry a patriot? Is this complimentary? Why or why not? Priest calls Henry a patriot because he is a foreigner fighting for Italy. Yes it is complimentary because the priest respects Henry. 9. Discuss the priest's view of love. Is the love affair between Henry and Catherine genuine according to the priest's definition? (11) The priest believes that when you love you are willing to sacrifice, do things, and serve. Love is like a religion to the priest. Henry and Catherine do have that sort of relationship. They meet together and seem to really like each other. Love making might play a key role, but they seem to care for one another. Although the relationship is young. 20. Where is Henry to be taken when he is removed from the field hospital? Why are doctors anxious for him to leave?Who will be at the other hospital? (12) To Milan to the American Hospital. Doctors need the room because there are more injured coming. Catherine was transferred to the other hospital. 21 . What is Henrys arrival at the hospital like? How does Mrs†¦ Walker try Henrys patience? Would you say that he is overbearing†¦ Or that she is over-sensitive? (13) He isn't expected and is left literally hanging- on the arms of the men supporting him- while she whines about having no room ready; he orders the porter to find him room and Mrs†¦ Walker cries. 22. How do Miss Van Camped and Henry get along? (13) Neither likes the other.She mistrusts him for being in the Italian army. He gets angry when she refuses to order wine for him. 23. Why do you think Miss Gage tells Henry that she doesn't like Miss Barley? (14) It is her humorous way of admitting some Jea lousy- that Miss Barley is so attractive- and perhaps some Jealousy that Miss Barley leaves no room for Miss Gage with him. 24. How does the barber act toward Henry? Why? (14) Thinking the Let. Henry is Austrian, the barber acts hostile. 25. What does Henry see when he looks at his wound now? 15) It looks repulsive- like hamburger meat- but he views it objectively , with detachment. 26.What is the surgeon's advice for Henry? Why does he not like the advice? (15) The surgeon advises waiting six months before surgery, to allow the bullet to â€Å"encysted†. 27. Why does Henry decide to have Dry. Valentine' go ahead with the operation? (15) Let. Henry want a major- not a captain- to do the operation, and he wants it done right away- which Valentine agrees is the way to go. 28. Why does Catherine tell Henry not to think about the two of them while he is under the anesthetic? (16) She doesn't want him to talk about their relationship in front of her colleagues. 29. Why do you thin k Catherine wants to know about Henrys past loves?Why do you think he lies? Would Catherine think less of him if he told the truth? (16) because he thinks the truth would hurt her. 30. After Henrys operation, Henry realizes that, â€Å"Catherine was right. It did not make any difference who was on night duty. † Why not? (17) He is feeling too sick to care whether or not he sees Catherine that night. 31 . How do Ferry and Catherine get along? Ferry and Henry? Why do Ferry and Henry have this type of relationship? (17) The women are good friends; Ferry is protective of Catherine and suspicious of Let. Henrys intentions. 32. Why don't Catherine and Let. Henry get married? 18) Catherine points out that if they were married, she would probably be sent away. 33. What are Catherine and Henrys beliefs about religion? (18) She tells Let. Henry that he is her only religion; he seems to be pretty much of an atheist. 34. Who are the Meyers? Who else does Henry know in Milan and what do t hey do for a living? (19) They are a couple who like horseradish. 35. How can you tell that Catherine has deep-rooted fears? Why does she cry when it anis? (19) She says that she is afraid- that she images both of them dead in the rain. 36. Describe the horse races at San Sirs. What about them makes Catherine feel â€Å"unclean†? 20) 37. What is Catering's big news for Henry? How does Henry seem to feel when he finds out? (21) She is pregnant. He is worried but reassuring. 38. How long was Henrys convalescent leave supposed to be? How did he lose it? (22) A couple of weeks; he develops Jaundice and Miss Van Camped accuses him of 39. Before Henry leaves, he and Catherine go too hotel. Why is she unhappy there? (23) She feels like a where. 40. How does Henry end up on the floor of the train back to the front? (24) He pays a machine- gunner to hold it for him, but gives up the seat when a captain protests. BOOK Ill 41 .What is the change in mood Henry encounters in Georgia when he returns from the hospital? Why doesn't it â€Å"feel like a homecoming†? (25) Gloom is pervasive – and things have changed. He does not know the British ambulance driver, the major looks older, etc. 42. What does the major tell Henry about how things have been going while Henry was away? (25) The major says it has been a bad summer and there are many sick; he is pessimistic bout the next year. 43. How does Ronald seem to be doing? How has he changed since Henry last saw him? (25) While he still Jokes, he seems depressed about the war and worried because he believes he has syphilis. 4. Why does Henry tell Ronald he doesn't want to drink too much? (25) Let. Henry explains that he has had Jaundice. 45. How has the priest changed since Henry last saw him? What does he mean when he says, â€Å"Many people have realized the war this summer† on page 178? (26) The priest is subdued, weary; he thinks that people are finally realizing the brutality and senselessness of war. 6. What does Henry think about Gin's patriotism? (27) he notices Gin's criticism of his own country which is not in keeping with a patriotic mindset. 47. Why do the Italians plan to retreat? What is Henrys role in the preparations? 27) The order is given after the Germans break through to the north; Let. Henry is supposed to stay put and help clear out the hospital equipment and the wounded; not all the wounded can be evacuated. 48. Why do Henry and the others leave the main road? (28) They are afraid of getting stuck if the column is stopped by a few dead horses or deserted trucks. 49. What happens to the sergeants when Henry asks them to help free the ambulance? Are Henrys actions Justified? (29) When the sergeants refuse to help get the ambulance out of the mud, Let. Henry shoots and injures one, whom Bone happily finishes off. 50.Pain and Ammo call themselves anarchists and socialists. What do they mean? (29) An anarchist believes in voluntary association- overthrow of the government control; a socialist advocates giving ownership and control of land and capital to the community as a whole. 51 . Why does Henry go across the bridge first? What does this show about his developing/changing character? 30) They all know that the bridge may be mined- but that one person alone probably would not detonate the explosives; he is pretty brave and feels responsible for the others. 52. Why is Henry so angry when he sees the German staff car and bicyclists? 30) It means that the Italians have not held back the Germans; he thinks the Italians should have blown up the bridge and set up machine gunners along the embankment. 53. Who gets killed from Henrys group? How? Who actually shoots him? Why is Henry so upset about his death? (30) Ammo gets shot by frightened Italians. Let. Henry isn't visibly upset, but admits that he 54. How does Henry almost get killed? Why? How does he escape? (30) The Italian battle police are about to shoot him for leaving his regiment- and because they suspect he is a German- when he escapes by Jumping into the river. 5. Why does Henry cut the stars from his sleeves? (31) For â€Å"convenience†- so that he won't be further harassed as an officer without his regiment 56. What does Henry think about as he lies in the train car? How does he feel about the war and his life at this point? How has his character change since the beginning of the novel? (32) He thinks about his lack of anger, his desire simply to wash his hands of the war, and bout the friends- Ronald, the priest, etc. – that he will never see again. He had been sure that the war would not kill him- now he knows it could.He is anxious to be with Catherine, while at the beginning he wanted no commitments. BOOK 57. What help does the proprietor of the bar in Milan offer Henry? Why does he Make this offer? (33) He offers him a safe place to stay and phony leave papers; having seen Let. Henry lump from the train, he has deduced that Henry is in tro uble- and genuinely likes him. 58. What information do the porter and his wife give Henry? Why does Henry offer them money? Why do they refuse it? (33) Catherine has gone to Stress; he pays them to keep quiet, but they refuse the money because they like him and want to help. 9. Who is Simmons? Where in the novel does he first appear? How does he help Henry? (33) Henry met Simmons when he was a patient at the hospital in Milan and Simmons was taking voice lessons; Simmons gives him some civilian clothes. 60. Explain what Henry means when he says, â€Å"I had made a separate peace† on page 243. (34) the war, he Just wants to be contentedly alone with Catherine somewhere. 61 . How does Henry find Catherine once he gets to Stress? 34) He asks the barman at the hotel whether he has seen two English girls; the barman finds out where Catherine and her friend are staying. 62.How does Helen Ferguson react to Henrys appearance in Stress? Why? (34) She is angry and annoyed because she f eels Henry has exploited Catherine; also, she is probably Jealous because he is taking away her companion. 63. Where does Henry plan to go to leave the war behind? Why? (34) To Switzerland 64. Why does Henry feel like a criminal? (34) Because he has deserted from the Army 65. Who is Count Grief? Despite the age difference, how are he and Henry alike? (35) A very old man Henry had met previously; as they play billiards, he reveals his believe that Italy will win the war- since younger nations usually do. 6. Why does Emilio, the barman, come to Henrys room in the middle of the night? (36) To alert Let. Henry that there are plans to arrest Henry in the morning. 67. What escape plan do Emilio and Henry devise? (36) Emilio gives Henry his rowboat and Henry and Catherine row to Switzerland. 68. What do Henry and Catherine decide to do as soon as they reach their destination? What immediately happens after they're done? (37) They go too cafe © and order a big breakfast. They are arrested but don't seem afraid. They foresaw the arrest. 69. What excuse do Henry and Catherine give for their trip to Switzerland?

Mouse Trap: Woodstream Corporation

Mouse Trap: Woodstream Corporation The company that has been chosen for this case study is Woodstream Corporation. This company was founded in 1832 and was formerly known as Animal Trap Company of America. It manufactures and markets a variety of pest control products including rodent control, caring control for pets and different types of mouse traps. It has been around for more than 150 years and marketed over 2500 unique products. Woodstream works to bring innovation to consumers by combining category leading products with technology and it services to solve the business needs of the retailer.The business strategy of Woodstream Corporation, in its own words is: â€Å"Our ‘go to market’ strategies are structured to help you optimize inventory levels, maximize sales and grow profitability† (1). The company is striving to give its retailers the maximum sell through innovative products and grow profitably. The president of the company, Harry Whaley, came up with a new and innovative plastic mouse trap also known as live mouse trap, which is more effective and easy to use than the traditional wood mouse trap.However, sales haven’t increased and in this case study we are going to look at the marketing strategy used for two different mouse traps and how it affects the buyer decision process. In order to design a customer-driven marketing strategy, a company must first understand the marketplace as well as the customer’s needs and wants. Seeing a mouse inside the house triggers an individual the need to look for a solution to take care of the problem. That individual is now going to look for a solution that they want in order to satisfy their need.In this case they probably want to get rid of the mouse permanently. In the market place there are two mouse traps available for them with Woodstream Corporation. The traditional wooden mouse trap and the innovative plastic mouse trap which are made by the same company. The traditional woo den mouse trap is known to work fifty percent of the time and it costs 15 cents for a pack of two. The new plastic mouse trap on the other hand is known to be forty percent more effective than the traditional wooden trap but costs a little more with the price of 25 cents per mouse trap.Despite the great effectiveness of the new innovative plastic mouse traps, people still tend to buy more of the wooden traps. It could be because the customer-perceived value of the traditional wooden trap is very high that people still choose to buy the old snap trap. It could also be that the company’s president Harry Whaley was too, focused on innovation and maximizing sales and profitability when creating the new mouse trap that he lost sight of the underlying customer need and value. This is when marketing myopia comes into play.The traditional wooden mouse trap is cheap, good quality and effective in getting rid of the mouse problem permanently. The way it works is the snap bar comes down violently on the head or neck of a mouse killing them instantly. The problem is being solved right then and there because the mouse died. The old traditional wooden trap satisfies the customer need by doing the entire job on its own. The new and innovative plastic mouse trap on the other hand does not complete the job entirely. It is effective in capturing the mouse; in fact it is more effective than the traditional wooden trap however, it only captures the mouse.It doesn’t get rid of the mouse by killing it. Now the consumers are left in a serious dilemma with a live mouse in their trap. Most of them do not want to kill the mouse on their own and they also don’t want to release it near their homes because they are afraid that it will come straight back into the home. In this case the customers are left with a product that solved half of their problem and don’t know what to do afterward. They are not willing to pay a higher price for a product like that despite its effectiveness and innovation.They are more willing to pay less for a traditional wooden mouse trap that satisfies their needs to its entirety. Woodstream might have failed to understand what the customers really want when building this new mouse trap. The company also does not have a well constructed marketing program that promotes the new plastic mousetrap. The more innovative product design does have a little advantage over the old one however; the pricing doesn’t create a real value for the customers. The distribution channel is great because it is being distributed from the same company.Promotion on the other hand needs a lot of improvement. The old traditional mouse trap has been around for many years. A great deal of promotion and advertising was done for this product. The wooden mouse trap also gained a lot of exposure through cartoon television shows for kids like Tom and Jerry, and other media advertising. The new plastic mouse trap on the other hand has not bee n promoted well in today’s media. Not a lot of consumers know about it and for those who haven’t had a mouse problem in the past, the new plastic mousetrap is nonexistent to them. They are unaware of the new and innovated mouse trap.

DNA Replication essays

DNA Replication essays Where did we come from? How did we emerge from the Earth? Why do twins look so alike? The answers to these questions lay in the scientific field of molecular genetics. More specifically, these answers can be answered in the study of DNA. DNA, the blueprint for life, determines what color hair and eyes we have. In this essay, we will observe how DNA replicates itself, the process making proteins, and gene regulation. DNA must duplicate itself in order to form complete copies of the genetic material. DNA replication is a complex task. DNA strands and anti parallel. First, helicase uncoils DNA and cleaves into a replication fork the DNA strand into two strands that are held stable apart by single-strand protein. RNA primase is used to add the first nucleotides because polymerase can only add to growing strands. Because DNA is anti-parallel, the two strands are different. There is a lead strand and a lagging strand. Polymerase can only add in the corresponding nucleotides in a 5-3 direction so only the leading end is constructed continuously. The lagging strand is in a 3-5 direction and must require Okazaki fragments to attach to the corresponding code and be joined by DNA ligase so that the lagging strand becomes an identical DNA strand like the leading strand. The results are 2 identical DNA strands that came from the original parent strand. This process is semiconservative because the two resu lting strands contain parts of the old strand. The old strands are split and the new base pairs are added to the leading and lagging such that the original strand becomes part of the two new DNA strands. DNA contains all our genetic information which tells who we are and has blueprints for our functions. However, like money, DNA isnt worth anything unless you use it to create mRNA which creates proteins that run our life. The creation of proteins occurs in two steps: transcription and tr ...

Points and Punctuation

Points and Punctuation Points and Punctuation Points and Punctuation By Mark Nichol Point and words and compounds containing that root, as well as terms with the element punct- and some similar (and not so similar forms), are all cognate, deriving from the Latin verb pungere, meaning â€Å"prick† or â€Å"stab.† Such words are listed and defined in this post. appoint: officially fix or set, or assign or name, or equip or furnish as appropriate; an appointee is a person assigned to an office or position, and an appointment is such an assignment, or an office or position itself, or an arranged meeting (or equipment or furnishings collectively); someone who is self-appointed has taken it upon himself or herself to occupy a literal or (usually) figurative position of authority ballpoint: a type of pen with a point consisting of a small rotating metal point from which ink is transferred to a surface on contact; usually called a ballpoint pen bluepoint: a type of oyster cashpoint: British English term for an ATM checkpoint: a location, generally at a border or entrance, at which entry is monitored colorpoint: a color pattern on a domestic cat consisting of a light-colored body with darker features compunction: misgiving, anxiety as a result of feelings of guilt, or distress about anticipation of an event or outcome contrapuntal: adjectival form of counterpoint (see next entry) counterpoint: something that complements or contrasts with something else, the use of a combining or contrasting element in a work of art, or a melody independent of a given melody; as a verb, arrange or compose in counterpoint, or set in contrast dew point: the temperature at which vapor condenses disappoint: fail or frustrate; disappointment is the quality of failure or frustration, or someone who or something that causes such feelings drypoint: an engraving made without fluid, or a print made from such an engraving embonpoint: plumpness end point: the point of completion of a process or stage; as endpoint, a point or value marking the end of a line segment, an interval, or a ray expunge: mark for deletion, or destroy, eliminate, or obliterate eyepoint: the position of placement of an eye in relation to an optical instrument being used flashpoint: the lowest temperature at which vapors produced by a volatile combustible substance will ignite when exposed to flame, or a point at which something suddenly is created or takes place or someone takes action goldpoint: the temperature equivalent to the melting point of gold gunpoint: the muzzle of a gun (used in the expression â€Å"at gunpoint,† meaning â€Å"having a gun pointed at one†) interpoint: a system of embossing braille on both sides of a paper interpunction: see punctuation knifepoint: the point of a knife blade (used in the expression â€Å"at knifepoint,† meaning â€Å"having a knife pointed at one†) midpoint: the halfway point in a journey, a race, or a process needlepoint: embroidery on a base of canvas, or lace on a base of paper, accomplished with a needle; also a verb describing the action of producing embroidery or lace outpoint: outscore, or sail closer to the wind than another vessel pen point: a metal attachment used for drawing or writing with ink pink: perforate ornamentally or cut a saw-toothed edge on, or pierce or stab, or figuratively wound with speech (other senses of pink are unrelated) pinpoint: a very small or insignificant thing, or a small or sharp point such as the point of a pin; as a verb, precisely aim, locate, or identify, or highlight poignant: emotionally cutting, piercing, or touching, or apt or stimulating, or, in the context of smell, pervasive point: a detail or essential point, the purpose or significance of something, a particular place or position or a geometric element marking a position, an exact moment or interval, a degree, stage, or step, a projecting part or marking, a unit for measuring or tallying, a compass position, any of various punctuation marks or other small marks, a short musical phrase, the head of a bow used with a stringed instrument, a small military detachment ahead of or behind an advance or rear guard or the foremost member of a military patrol, one of various positions of a player in team sports, or the credit or goodwill created by making a good impression; as a verb, sharpen or give emphasis, punctuate or mark with diacritics, direct attention to or indicate direction or position (as with a finger), turn to a particular direction, or indicate a fact or probability point blank: at close range point break: the point at which a wave breaks as it makes contact with a point of land point man: the foremost member of a military patrol, or an advocate, spokesperson, representative, or person at the forefront of a movement or organization point of view: a perspective or position for consideration or evaluation of something pointe: in ballet, a position of balance on the tip of a toe (sometimes referred to as â€Å"en pointe†) pointed: having a point, conspicuous, pertinent, or aimed at an individual or a group pointer: a stick used to direct an audience’s attention to a particular part of a display; a hint or suggestion; any of various breeds of hunting dogs; or a type of computer memory address pointillism: the painting technique of applying small dots or strokes of color to a surface that blend together from a distance; a practitioner of this technique is a pointillist pointless: ineffective or senseless pointy: coming to a point, or having various points that stick out pour point: the lowest temperature at which a substance flows punch: a tool for piercing or for applying pressure to a small area, or a hole or notch produced by a punch; a blow or the action of punching, or energy or forcefulness; strike or prod, or perforate or apply pressure as with a punch, or give emphasis or move forcefully; the sense of â€Å"fruit drink† is unrelated punctate: marked with dots, points, or small spots, or an area so marked punctation: marking of an area with dots, points, or small spots punctilio: a detail in conducting a ceremony or observing a code punction: a piercing punctual: on time; the quality of being on time is punctuality punctuate: mark or divide with punctuation marks such as commas and periods, divide into or interrupt at intervals, or accentuate or emphasize punctuation: symbols used to separate and clarify meaning of units of written content, or the act of using such marks, or something that accentuates or emphasizes punctulate: marked with small spots puncturation: the act, process, or state of being punctured, or arrangement or form of punctures puncture: an act of physically piercing or figuratively damaging, a hole or wound made by piercing, or a small depression; as a verb, pierce or deflate pungent: painful or pointed, or having an intense flavor or odor, or creating an irritating sensation silverpoint: a drawing technique using silver on a specially prepared surface standpoint: see â€Å"point of view† touchpoint: a point of contact between a buyer and a seller viewpoint: see â€Å"point of view† waypoint: a location on a route Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)"Confused With" and "Confused About"5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

Becoming a Gendered Body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Becoming a Gendered Body - Essay Example While these ideas are evident in adult bodies, there has not been a great deal of study into how these ideas are originally formed as it is commonly assumed to be natural. Martin suggests it is instead something created at about preschool age, at least partly as a result of the hidden school curriculum in which students are taught to behave in specific ways to facilitate the needs of the classroom, teaching and reinforcing specific gendered behavior in the process. The research method for the study was participant observation as the researcher observed five different preschool classes in two different preschools located in the same city. One was located near the city's university and the other was a Catholic school. The study group consisted of 112 children and 14 teachers in which all of the teachers were female. Of the children, 58 percent were boys and 42 percent were girls with very little diversity of ethnicities and little or no difference in economic class as all of the childr en were classified as having come from middle class homes. The researcher and her assistant observed activities within the classroom approximately three times per week for eight months, taking notes and trying to remain as unobtrusive as possible within the classroom setting. Observations were taken during both structured and unstructured activity times. Field notes were then analyzed using Hyper-Research software. Martin determined that gender among young children is created through a variety of factors. One of the most significant factors was dress/body adornment. Surprisingly, she found that most little girls were dressed in pink or pastels almost every day while boys were dressed in primary colors, green, orange and black, but never pink.

Music in the marketplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Music in the marketplace - Essay Example The place smelt fresh with flower scents all over the environment setup. Drinks were served to the couples as it seemed as though the event was sought of a festival. There was no other sound audible in the environment and the space was sufficient to ease movement or a dance. The music in this setting is important in defining the space and aids in crafting the identity for the brand. The music made me feel refreshed, and the other members of the audience felt relaxed, especially due to the smell of the environment and the smooth romantic music. The other club visited a few miles away had a direct contrast with the place where romantic songs were being played. The second club played rock music with a big number of people in attendance. The place was stuffy, and no one seemed to enjoy the serenity of the environment. On the other hand, there was an audible sound coming from a construction site a factor that affected the music. Essentially, the club had limited space due huge number of people. Though the rest of the audience mostly seemed to enjoy the moment and the music, I did

ECommerce Course Work Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

ECommerce Course Work - Case Study Example In this report I will access and analyze the security issues and concerns regarding the online Globetrotting Hotels system. I will discuss about the handling of the customers’ personal information and payment details on the online web. Then I will also talk about the installation of the better facilities for the customers like customer care services, physical security, online information preservation, etc. Harry Smith has planned to present the matchless group of the local self-governing hotels. These local self-regulating hotels will be combined through the worldwide chain and will proffer very friendly high quality services and local knowledge. Here in this global chain of the globetrotter will be very useful and effective through the implementation of one-stop web site. This website will be a common platform where the customers are able to fine deeper and wider information regarding the online world wide hotels chain. This also facilitates the Globetrotting for the effective management and customer services.1 In this section I will talk about the better e-payment system that will facilitate the effective online business management of the Globetrotting Hotels system. The main reasons behind this idea is to critically analyze, compare and contrast the different ways of the e-payment systems and choose a better way for the Globetrotting Hotels system. This system should have the potential of assessing more enhanced and fraud less online payment services. The first type that is mostly used for the e-payments is the credit card payment system. Through this system we will ask the credit card number and payment details from the customer for the online transaction. This information will be used for the online transaction. This method of the online payment is very useful, but in earlier few years we have seen massive number of online credit card frauds. For this reason most of the people hesitate to carry out an online transaction (e-payment, 2008). In our

Worldwide Micro Electric Vehicles Market Report 2018 Essay Example for Free

Worldwide Micro Electric Vehicles Market Report 2018 Essay Micro electric vehicles are driven by electric battery propulsion with a power rating of 4-10 KWh and are generally two to four-seater vehicles. This class of vehicles was earlier considered to belong to the category of electric vehicles, but as a result of the increased demand for this product and rapid growth of the market, they now form a separate market category. Analysts forecast the Global Micro Electric Vehicles market will grow at a CAGR of 14. 91 percent over the period 2013-2018. The Report recognizes the following companies as the key players in the Global Micro Electric Vehicles Market : Ingersoll Rand plc Polaris Industries Inc. , Textron Inc. , Yamaha Motor Corp. , Canadian Electric Vehicles Ltd. , Chongqing Huansong Industries (Group) Co. Ltd. , Columbia ParCar , E-Ride Industries , Italcar, Pride Mobility Products Corp. , Shenzhen Marshell Green Power Co. Ltd. , Suzhou Eagle Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Co. Ltd. , Tomberlin Automotive Group, Zhejiang Ruifeng (R P) Industry Group The focus of vendors has shifted to finding ways to extend the life of Li-ion batteries. These batteries are now used in a variety of applications such as cell phones, laptops, PCs, power tools, electric bikes, electric scooters, tablets, medical devices, UPS systems, and transit buses. These batteries have completely replaced lead-acid batteries in several applications. The Global Li-Ion Battery market for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles is expected to grow yearly at 20 percent till 2025 Complete Report is Available @ http://www. sandlerresearch. org/global-micro-electric-vehicles-market-2014-2018. html . Covered in this Report. The Global Micro Electric Vehicles market can be divided into three segments: Quadricycles, Golf Carts, and Mobility Vehicles for the Disabled. To calculate the market size, the report considers the revenue generated from the combined sales of all three segments. . In addition, the report discusses the major drivers that influence the growth of the Global Micro Electric Vehicles market. It also outlines the challenges faced by the vendors and the market at large, as well as the key trends that are emerging in the market. Global Micro Electric Vehicles Market 2014-2018, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the Americas and the EMEA and APAC regions; it also covers the Global Micro Electric Vehicles market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market. According to the report, the Global Micro Electric Vehicles market has taken center stage mainly because of the increase in government subsidies for manufacturers and incentives for buyers of such vehicles. Gasoline and diesel-based vehicles are major generators of greenhouse gas emissions. Various governments are taking an active interest in reducing the increasing emission levels of greenhouse gases. They are also actively involved in promoting clean and efficient ways of transportation. Further, the report states that the inadequate infrastructure for charging electric vehicle batteries is a major challenge faced by the Global Micro Electric Vehicles market. Also, the time taken to recharge these batteries is too long. There is a lot of scope to improve the infrastructure for charging batteries. Hence, the present infrastructure is not sufficient to cater to current demand. Inquire Before buying the Report @ http://www. sandlerresearch. org/inquire-before-buying? rname=19637 . Contact [emailprotected] org / Call +1 888 391 5441 for further information on â€Å"Global Micro Electric Vehicles Market 2014-2018† report OR for any other market research and intelligence needs you may have for your business.

Bob Gonzalezs Life and Death of Marilyn Monroe, John Everett Millais Trust Me and William Powell Friths For Better of For Worse :: Compare Contrast

Bob Gonzalez's Life and Death of Marilyn Monroe, John Everett Millais' Trust Me and William Powell Frith's For Better of For Worse Art may be considered the reflection of one's emotions or an outlet of one’s creative thought. A person can display art, not only through music or dance, but also through the creativity of a play or drama. Bob Gonzalez's Life and Death of Marilyn Monroe is a great example of creatively organizing the inner thoughts of Monroe through the theatre. He went past Monroe's glamorous facade and showed the "behind the scenes" lifestyle. In addition to dramas and plays, art may also be expressed on the canvas. John Everett Millais (1829- 1896), president of Royal Academy, did well in demonstrating his creativity with oil paints. One of his recognized works is Trust Me. Being named the most illustrious member of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Millais is a well-known Victorian Artist. William Powell Frith, too, was a renowned Victorian artist. For Better of For Worse was an oil painting with a double meaning. First, one could refer the title to the marriage vows. But as one further analyzes the piece, one notices that For Better or For Worse can also refer to the gap between the upper and lower classes. All in all, the artists in each of these cases had a story to tell using certain tools to show emotion. William Powell Frith (1819- 1909), like many before him, used the tricks of the trade to simulate a certain feel in For Better or For Worse. Wardrobe and the compositional unity are tools he used to make this painting tell its story and setting. Frith, first, chose a wardrobe worthy of the Victorian Era. All the men were dressed in classic suits, either black or navy blue with a white shirt. The women, too, were covered in the time-conventional, puffy dresses. But the women’s dresses came in assorted colors, unlike the men. Hence, the wardrobe matched the aristocratic, social norm of the time. A model of the lower class’ wardrobe matched the times stereotype. For example, the father, seemingly decrepit and tired, was in a ruined suit with holes in the pants and patches on the sleeves. His wife’s dress could not compare to the wonderful dresses of the upper class women.

The Sustainability Megatrend (NZ)

To the Undergraduate Programmer Manager, In this report sustainability will be addressed as to how it has affected New Zealand, and it will be explained how the concept of sustainability is a engagement. Sustainability is very important because we do not want to endanger or reduce the standard of living for consecutive generations (Wiley and Sons, 2010). Without basic resources such as air and water, there will surely be no life on earth in the future.Supply chains and globalizes workforces have created pressure on the environment and in turn businesses. Sustainability has become an objective with which some organizations strive for such as the Sustainable Business Network. Sustainability will involve considering the long-term consequences of industry and production. It will be explained why businesses develop sustainable practices, why sustainability is important to New Zealand and what the government and different organizations are accomplishing to make New Zealand sustainable.It w ill also explain New Sealant's different industries that are environmentally friendly and on the way to Ewing sustainable. New Zealand has a unique set of industries and organizations relied on for economic growth, most of which are having sustainable practices applied to. This report will also take an insight into the right of development and sustainability of indigenous peoples and the challenges and opportunities faced when management is involved with human resource sustainability.Indigenous peoples have the right to develop and sustain their population, and human resource sustainability is essential gain competitive advantage in a demanding marketplace, as will be explained in this report. ‘The Sustainability Imperative' by David A. Lubing and Daniel C. Test (2010) is an article about the concept of how sustainability is an emerging engagement. Sustainability qualifies as a engagement due to how environmental issues have gradually influenced businesses choices on value for customers, shareholders and stakeholders.Globalizes work forces and supply chains have created environmental pressures that are unwanted by businesses as countries such as China and India compete for natural resources such as oil, which adds strain on the need to be sustainable. These issues have been increased by the mounting public and parliamentary concern. Consumers all over the world are looking for sustainable products and services because of these concerns. Thousands of companies are strategically implementing sustainable practices such as innovation in energy efficiency, pollution control, resource productivity and renewable power. High Involvement Management and Human Resource Sustainability: The Challenges and Opportunities' by Paul J. Gallon (2005) is an article about the challenges and opportunities of human resource sustainability. This article is putting forward the theory of how high involvement management can affect the sustainability of a business. Businesses are f acing a struggle in competitive advantage in a demanding marketplace; customers and consumers are demanding a lot more than before, with higher quality products, cheaper prices and faster delivery.To meet these challenges, more pressure has been placed on management to increase the sustainability, efficiency and productivity of their organizations, as well as to reflect and show top management. High Involvement Management strategy involves procedures that promote mutual respect and responsibility. Managers give employees more trust to make important workplace decisions, giving employees the hence to develop their knowledge, skills, improving employee satisfaction, resulting in higher productivity and effectiveness.A challenge is overcoming any employee resistance, as they can feel increasing pressure and a resistance to change when a strategy is put into place. Implementing strategies a step at a time can solve this. Company performance and sustainability usually benefits from the i ntegration of human resource management and product strategies. ‘The Right To Development and Indigenous Peoples: Lessons From New Zealand' by M Gibbs (2005) is an article about the concept of recognition and the right to placement for New Sealant's indigenous peoples.New Sealant's Jurisprudence insinuates that the Maori have the right to develop with the Treaty Of Waiting and the Waiting Tribunal. The Treaty Of Waiting had two versions, the European and the Maori. There is a lot of confusion over the two versions of the Treaty as they are not exact translation. This confusion has caused many debates and arguments such as the foreshore and seabed dispute (Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 No 93, as at 01 April 2011) If other nations follow this explanation, development rights in other countries will be improved.The Waiting Tribunal has recognized New Sealant's indigenous peoples the right to develop as a people, to develop traditional resources and to take part in the development of resources unknown about in the 1840 partnership of the crown. The Treaty of Waiting has provided a solid foundation for the emergence of a Maori right to development. Maori represent 15% of New Sealant's current population, in a situation like this sustainability is important to maintain the indigenous population.The issue of sustainability has become an important one; businesses are increasingly evolving and implementing sustainable practices for various reasons. I will explain why businesses develop sustainable practices, why sustainability is important to New Zealand and what the government and different organizations are accomplishing to make New Zealand sustainable. Sustainability is â€Å"the use of resources to maintain a standard of living that enables society to satisfy its current needs without reducing the standard of living for successive generations. † (Wiley and Sons, 2010).The issue of keeping the world sustainable has encouraged individuals and businesses t o take action, to monitor the efficiency of their use of resources and to reduce their influence on the environment. Sustainability is often measured in different values such as the input and output of resources, types of cost savings, the reduction of resource waste and the apparent value of the business to society as a whole. There are three main reasons why businesses develop sustainable practices, greenmailing, a reflection of management values and the opportunity to exploit a sustainable niche.Greenmailing is a term that gives people the impression that you are supporting sustainability for its own sake, but really you are exploiting sustainable practices in the company as a means to accumulate support and generate a better financial return for shareholders. This raises the issue of if the business is ethical or abusing the publics trust. A reflection of management values is another reason why businesses develop sustainable practices, to show and reflect the values of top manag ement. If the board of a business is consistent and shares values on sustainability, these values are likely to be dispersed through the firm.The last reason is the opportunity to exploit a sustainable niche. Some businesses take he option of developing business through the assembly of sustainable goods. There are two main groups who are involved in sustainability, the Government and non- government organizations. The Tearoom New Zealand government has introduced basic sustainable development initiatives to urge sustainable business practices such as enacting the Resource Management Act 1991, signing and approving the Kyoto Protocol and signing the ROI Declaration 1992.A major initiative New Zealand is involved with is the Kyoto Protocol, which is an obligation of supporting cleaner air pollution and sustainable living. The ROI Declaration is another with which New Zealand is involved with, it is a UN document supported by numerous national governments that encourages solutions to t he impact of the social lifestyle on the circumstance of the planet. New Zealand Tearoom is also encouraged to Join the Emissions/Biodiversity exchange Project that is ‘A project that records greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption and calculates the areas of native bush that it would take to offset them. (Wiley and Sons, 2010). In February 2007 the government announced a new sustainability policy aims at making New Zealand carbon neutral. This was lead by the example of upgrading the PIP fleet to be more economical. The New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable development is a non-government organization and a leadership initiative for change toward sustainable development. Many projects run by this organization promote sustainable progress through business and school, partnership, influence greenhouse gas guidelines and sustainable supply chain management.The board is made up of parties whose businesses have a direct interest with the council. Another non-governm ent organization is the Sustainable Business Network. They are a unique connection for genuineness that are looking to be more sustainable; they exist to help companies pursue sustainable projects. New Zealand relies on Agriculture, Horticulture and Diary Farming for economic growth. Because of this, a co dependent relationship exists to fulfill New Sealant's image of being ‘green'. This means that financial injections are relied on to conserve and maintain the environment.There are various industries and organizations applying sustainable practices to their routine. The tourism industry in New Zealand has had to face challenges concerning with environmental sustainability. New Zealand has built up a reputation over the years as being a clean and green country. This has contributed to the success of which draws people in to New Zealand. New Zealand is the first country to have a government tourism department. The New Zealand Tourism Board was founded in 1991 to create the high est returns for the country and uphold tourism as a major industry to New Zealand.George Hickman, New Zealand Chief Executive implemented the campaign ‘100% Pure' which was very successful in increasing tourist spending. Tourism is now the largest export industry in New Zealand, employing 1 in 10 rockers. New Zealand has won many awards for the ‘100% Pure' campaign, earning awards such as the daily telegraphs best destination award in October and among others (Luxury Adventures New Zealand, 2004). This shows that there is pressure on New Zealand to maintain the reputation of a clean and green country. The tourism industry here in New Zealand has had to face challenges to meet the expectations of visitors to this country.Viticulture and the Wine industry in New Zealand is turning into a recent export industry, with numbers of hectares growing in size to produce vines. As a fairly recent industry in New Zealand, sustainable vine and wine growing initiatives are being put i nto place to lessen the effects the industry has on the environment. The renewable energy industry in New Zealand is one of the largest in the world, with 70% of power usage from renewable power sources (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Trade, 2004) Meridian Energy is a government owned company that capitalizes on its capability to produce renewable energy for New Sealant's needs.Meridian Energy is the largest electricity generator in the country, and is the cornerstone of sustainable reactive. A comparison between this article and New Zealand sustainability practices is that since environmental issues have gradually influenced business choices on value for customers and some consumers are looking for sustainable products and services, this is an example of how this provides an opportunity for businesses to exploit a sustainable niche. In New Zealand sustainability, one main reason for businesses to develop sustainable practices was for the opportunity to exploit a sustainable niche.In t his article there is a demand from consumers for sustainable products, and how environmental and sustainable issues have had an impact on business decisions. A contrast between this article and appendix four is that in this article it has been stated that China and India have been competing to gain natural resources, but in New Zealand sustainability, New Zealand has been utilizing our natural resources by the â€Å"100% Pure† campaign to keep New Zealand as clean and green for the success of the tourism industry.New Zealand has also been using wind farms to generate renewable power. A comparison between ‘High Involvement Management and Human Resource Sustainability: The Challenges and Opportunities' by Paul J. Gallon (2005) and New Zealand sustainability is that they are both seeking to gain a good reputation of the reflection of management values. New Zealand sustainability stated that organizations show and reflect the values of top management advantage through susta inability.In the article by Paul J. Gallon, it is noted that High Involvement Management is implemented, not Just for sustainability but also to reflect the values of top management. A contrast between the two articles is that in the High Involvement Management article, it states that there is an increasing struggle to gain competitive advantage in more demanding marketplace, where businesses are having to produce better quality products, cheaper prices and faster delivery.Where as in the New Zealand sustainability article, businesses develop sustainable practices to exploit a niche in the market as a competitive advantage. The High Involvement article is putting forward the concept that to be more sustainable they have to improve organizational performance and integrate human resource management and product and market strategies. While in the New Zealand sustainability article, it is suggesting that to gain nominative advantage, the option of producing sustainable goods is recommen ded.A comparison between ‘The right to development and indigenous people: Lessons from New Zealand' by M. Gibbs (2005) and New Zealand sustainability is that in the Indigenous article, it explains that in the Treaty Of Waiting there were two versions, a British version and a Maori one. The two versions are not an exact translation of each other as the Maori version was to be the translation of the British one. It is argued that the Maori version was translated in haste and that oral translation may have been more important than the written one.This can be seen as unethical, and to a brief extent, an abuse of the Maori trust. In the New Zealand sustainability article, one way of why businesses develop sustainable practices is ‘Greenmailing, a term used that gives people the impression that a business is supporting sustainability for its won sake, but really they use it for a means to accumulate support and generate a better financial return. This can be seen as unethical or abusing the publics trust, a similarity to the confusion over the Treaty Of Waiting.A contrast between the two articles is that in the New Zealand sustainability article, he concept of being environmentally sustainable is put forward, whereas in the Indigenous Peoples article, the concept of having the right to develop and sustain the Maori people is introduced. Human Resources and Maori Business frameworks, concepts and theories are relevant to sustainability and the success of an organization. In Human Resources the concepts of Job satisfaction, Job involvement, organizational commitment and employee engagement are all-important concepts to run a successful sustainable organization.In Maori Business the framework of the Treaty Of Waiting has helped established certain aspects of New Sealant's Jurisprudence. The usefulness of the notion of integrating Strategic Management and Operations Management, Human Resources and Industrial Relations and Maori Business can be used as a tool to gain sustainable competitive advantage. They all interrelate and link to form one of the many basses of an organization. Strategic Management is the planning of preparing, implementing and evaluating decisions that will enable an organization to achieve its long-term goals.Strategic Management deals with the Five Forces Framework, which concerns itself with the entry, substitutes, suppliers, buyers and rivalries of an organization. It also deals with the SOOT analysis, which is strength, weakness, opportunity and threat, as well as political, economic, socio-cultural and technological aspects of the organization. Operations Management deals with the process flows accompanying with the consumption and creation of services and goods. Frameworks, theories and concepts used in this sector would be Six Sigma, a methodical process for refining the operational performance of an organization by eliminating waste.The Lean Approach, a method for meeting demand with no waste, which require s customer Ochs, synchronized flow, and involvement behavior. Another framework would be the Triple Bottom Line an annual report based on an organizations financial, social and environmental accountability. Human Resource and Industrial Relations is about managing people in order for a business and organization to succeed economically. Human Resource Management is about attracting, developing and maintaining a qualified workforce to maintain the objectives and strategies of a company, making it more sustainable.Human Resource and Industrial Relations concerns itself with functional structures, on the Job and off he Job training, career paths, the perceptions, personality, attitudes, and stress of people. Maori Business is the third largest business sector in New Zealand, and as New Sealant's indigenous people, it is important to understand the Maori economy in New Zealand. Maori businesses contribute around $10 billion to the economy of New Zealand, there are Maori tourism operators and export companies.Maori Businesses focus on farming, forestry and fishing as the largest exports although food, fashion and film are new growth areas. Sustainable practices are being developed in farming, forestry and fishing. Maori Businesses are some of New Sealant's largest corporations that deal with diversified products and services range. In a real world setting Strategic Management and Operations Management, Human Resources and Industrial Relations and Maori Business all interrelate as a tool to gain sustainable competitive advantage.With the Strategic Management, businesses and organizations would plan, prepare, implement and evaluate decisions and goals they would want to achieve. This can be integrated with Operations management, which deals in the consumption and creation of goods and services, as to achieve Operations Management; Strategic Management must be defined so that Operations Management recognizes the long-term plan and goals to achieve them. Human Resources and Industrial Relations are also integrated with Strategic Management as long term planning from Strategic Management affects the Human Resources and Industrial Relations.Maori Business is integrated with Strategic Management thorough the planning, preparing, implementing and evaluation of decisions and goals. The Quadruple Bottom Line also integrates the two sectors by making businesses responsible for the economic, social, environmental, sustainability and spiritual effects of undertaking business. Operations Management is integrated with Human Resources and Industrial Relations and Maori Businesses as well as Strategic Management. Operations Management is integrated with Human Resources and Industrial Relations by the long term maintaining of the objectives and strategies.It is also integrated with Maori Business by the environment, associated with both aspects, as Maori Business supports sustainability and Operations Management deals with waste elimination and general sustaina bility for both the organization and the environment. Lastly, Maori Business is integrated with Human Resources and Industrial Relations purely wrought how Maori Businesses tend to employ relatives, Hannah and Iii because of the cultural and family based aspect of Maori business.There are many insights I could offer to managers in the NUNS who wish to use the above to gain sustainable competitive advantage. I would offer the insight of improving Human Resource Management by increasing the sustainability, efficiency and productivity of their organizations. They could improve Job satisfaction, goal management. Using High Involvement Management could improve the loyalty and bond between manager and employee. If employees are given the chance to make important workplace decision, they will gain more skills and knowledge, be more involved with their work and will produce higher productivity.You also have to remember that strategies implemented to deal with Human resource have to be monit ored carefully and implemented a step at a time, as there may be some employee resistance in the change. Another insight I would offer is the use of the reflection of top management and greenmailing. Developing sustainable practices can show and reflect the values of top management as well as to accumulate support and generate a better financial return for shareholders.Sustainability has become an important issue in today's society, businesses are in the process of becoming more sustainable not only for competitive advantage but for the environment as well. An additional insight I would offer is to have very good Strategic Management, as this sets the direction of the organization. Frameworks, theories and concepts can be utilized for Strategic Management such as SOOT Analysis- strength, weakness, opportunity and threat; and the Five Forces Framework – entry, substitutes, suppliers, buyers and rivalry. Good planning is essential in a business to be competitively advantaged.I would also offer the insight of having a good integration between the Strategic Management and the Operations Management. Strategic Management is the planning process and direction of an organization and the Operations Management carries through what the Strategic Management plans. The connection between the two is important as one cannot function without the other. Having a good connection between the two can improve sustainable competitive advantage.

Behavioral Change WIthin an Organization Essay

1.What characterizes a hyperturbulent environment? †¢A hyperturbulent environment is characterized by rapidly changing product lines, an increasing and changing set of competitors, rapid and continual technological innovation, and rapid market growth. 2.On the Adaptive Cultures diagram, describe the difference between a â€Å"satisficing† environment and a â€Å"reactive† environment? †¢The difference between â€Å"satisficing† and â€Å"reactive environments† stems from their respective differences pertaining to their environmental stability and adaptive orientation. A â€Å"satisficing† style is the result of a stable environment and a high level of adaptive orientation. This style of managing emphasizes a centralized decision-making structure, more levels of management, and coordination by formalized committees. A â€Å"reactive† style is the result of a hyperturbulent environment and a low level of adaptive orientation. Management typically deals with problems on a crisis basis. This style implies waiting until serious problems can no longer be ignored and then correcting them with drastic measures. 3.Which is the â€Å"best† situation on the diagram and the â€Å"worst†? †¢The â€Å"best† situation on the diagram is renewing/transformational management. This style is proactive; identifying solutions to problems before they occur, and constantly changing through innovation to stay ahead of competitors. Conversely, the â€Å"worst† situation on the diagram is sluggish-thermostat management. This style has a tendency to value tradition, which is a road block to change, and emphasizes formal control systems, processes, and procedures. As a result, this style can lead to failure through current success (things are working well right now, so why change them). 4.Describe Open System. Give an example. †¢An open system is based on interdependency. It is in constant interaction with its environment; influencing and being influenced. Feedback is obtained throughout this interaction so that the system can adjust and achieve a constant state of dynamic equilibrium. An example of an open system is a family. Parents, children, siblings, etc. constantly act and react to one another based upon what each individual member puts forth (work, money, love, daily problems, school, friendship, etc.). 5.Describe Socio-technical system. Give an example. †¢A social-technical system views the organization as an open system of coordinated human and technical activities. Under this view, the organization’s activities consist of the goals and values, technical, structural, psychosocial, and managerial subsystems. Any changes that occur in any of the organization’s process can have effects throughout the organization since all processes are related. An example of this is a bank. If management decides to change the way it take in deposits, this has an effect on the backroom operations of the bank (clearing and settling the deposit transactions), the bank tellers (how to take and handle the deposits), customer service (what type of information to relay to the deposit customers), and marketing (the information used for advertising may have changed). This change also effect the lending function (deposits are the source of funding for the bank’s loans, therefore loan pricing may be effected). 6.Give me a situation where you might use a â€Å"contingency approach† at work? †¢The contingency approach says that there is no one â€Å"best way† to handle all situations that may occur. Rather, a person needs to adjust to the situation and handle it based upon the characteristics at hand. A situation where I use the contingency approach is in dealing with my coworkers. One group of people I work with can handle very direct and candid responses to issues and problems; therefore I speak with them in this manner. Conversely, another group of individuals is not as susceptible to candor. I must use finesse and a great deal of emotion in relaying solutions to problems they want to solve. 7.How are the concepts of future shock and hyperturbulent environment similar? †¢The concepts of future shock and a hyperturbulent environment are similar in that both deal with a rapid level of change. As a result, organizations must be more adaptable and flexible than ever before to deal with the ever changing landscapes in which they operate. 8.OD focuses on the _________, _______, and ____.____ †¢OD focuses on the individual, team, and organizational behavior. Read the article on the Airline Industry (Fear and Loathing)—Write two or three paragraphs describing the problem. How could this be fixed? †¢The problem with the airline industry, based upon the article Fear and Loathing (BusinessWeek, September 10, 2007) is that the overall industry lacks leadership. That is, it appears that no one is in charge. Various members of the entire industry (the airlines, unions, small plane owners, community groups, the government, and the FAA) have only their self-interests at heart. As such, no one is being held accountable for what is needed most—change. While the airline industry has developed into its current form, it has not accounted for economic, technological, and environmental changes. The preferred fix for this problem—a lack of accountability due to a lack of leadership—would be for an independent group to take long-term oversight of much needed changes in the airline industry. This group would act in the best interest of the system (i.e. the airline industry). In addition, this group could provide much needed oversight in changing the overall self-serving mindset of the individual groups. Unfortunately, likely many government (or in this case quasi-government) situations, the adage of â€Å"if it isn’t broke don’t fix it† is followed. And, like past situations, it typically takes a large-scale catastrophe to promote change (i.e. sluggish-thermostat management).